Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law

Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law

An Analysis of the Duties and Powers of the Prosecutor in Preservation and Expansion of Judicial Security with a Comparative Approach in Iranian and French Law)

Document Type : scientific research paper

Authors
Mehran Vafadust Sabzevar 1
Hosseyn Fathabadi 2
Majid Shayganfard 2
1 Judge and PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
10.22034/law.2024.2037837.1437
Abstract
One of the most important institutions for ensuring preservation and expansion of judicial security and fundamental freedoms in the laws of Iran and France is the office of the prosecutor, headed by the public prosecutor as the representative of society, one of whose most important missions, in line with his set of duties and powers, can be considered to be ensuring judicial security. Background and purpose: The purpose of the following article is to clarify the duties and powers of the prosecutor in Iranian and French law in a comparative environment in order to preserve and expand judicial security. Materials and Methods: The present study, which was developed using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of what the duties and powers of the prosecutor in preservation and expansion of judicial security are in Iranian and French law. Ensuring judicial security is shaped around three axes: maintenance and expansion of judicial security, ensuring fair trial principles in order to ensure judicial security, and ensuring judicial justice. Conclusion: Safeguarding the principle of the presumption of innocence, the principle of the right to remain silent, the principle of right to attend the arraignment hearing, the principle of the right to legal counsel, the principle of legality of mode of trial and nulla poena sine lege, the principle of non-publicity of certain trials, the principle of the judgment having to adhere to the law, the principle of recognizing the act as a crime in terms of law, the principle of non-retroactivity of the law, the principle of publicity of trials and the right to be heard are the most important principles for preservation and expansion of judicial security in Iranian and French law that have been discovered in this research and which in some cases judicial security has been undermined because some of them have not been given due consideration. 
Keywords
Duties of the Prosecutor
Judicial Security
Principles of Trial
Fair Hearing
Judicial Justice

Subjects

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