Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law

Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law

Requirements and executive conditions regarding judicial supervision of prosecution and investigation in Iran and Syria; A Comparative Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : scientific research paper

Authors
majed jabban 1
Mahmood saber 2
Seyed Doraid Mousavi Mojab 3
1 Instructor, Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria; PhD In Criminal Law and Criminology.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/law.2025.2049984.1592
Abstract
Judicial supervision is the adoption of supervision by court judges or independent expert judges outside of the prosecution institution on the actions and decisions of the prosecution institution, including the investigator, and especially overseeing the actions that limit the rights and freedoms of individuals in the pre-trial stage of criminal proceedings.Achieving the desired pattern of judicial supervision over the matter of prosecution and investigation is not achieved simply by observing and predicting legal and judicial guarantees; Rather, in addition to these guarantees, implementation requirements and conditions are necessary.The present research is conducted in a qualitative way, while using in-depth interviews (19 people) and document analysis, only by checking on the necessary executive guarantees to promote and strengthen judicial supervision over the actions of those in charge of prosecution and investigation in Iran and Syria. The existing literature in Iran and Syria on judicial oversight suffers from significant backwardness compared to Western countries and needs serious reforms in this area. The legislator's failure to provide guarantees for the implementation of judicial oversight of prosecution and investigation in the Iranian and Syrian Criminal Procedure Code has led to significant abuses. The findings of the research indicate the necessity of using a number of executive mechanisms in the judicial supervision of investigative and prosecution measures in order to achieve a suitable supervisory model in the criminal justice system of Iran and Syria. These guarantees include the need to increase monitoring mechanisms for visible crimes in comparison with invisible crimes, using new technologies to increase the accuracy of monitoring, applying performance guarantees for the violations of the monitoring and supervised institutions, holding continuous training courses and promoting the culture of monitoring, maintaining the independence of the institution. The trustee is responsible for researching the relationship between hierarchy and institutional control, continuity and continuity in supervision.
Keywords
executive conditions
Executive requirements
prosecution
investigation
judicial supervision

Subjects

  1. A)Books

     

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    5. Tonry, M. (2020). Doing justice, preventing crime. Oxford University Press.‏

     

    B)Articels

    1. Bergère, Anne-Laure (2019). Le juge des libertés et de la détention, entre indépendance statutaire et dépendances matérielles. AJ Pénal.
    2. Epps, D (2021). Checks and Balances in the Criminal Law, Vanderbilt Law Review, No. 74.
    3. Collet, Philippe (2021). Les lacunes de la «vidéosurveillance» en procédure pénale. Recueil Dalloz, 20: 1099.‏
    4. Corns, C. (2022). Prosecution Accountability and Judicial Review. Victoria University of Wellington Law Review, 53(1), 1–28.
    5. Fabri, M. (2008). Criminal procedure and public prosecution reform in Italy: a flash back. In IJCA (Vol. 1).‏
    6. Goré, Marie(2007). La responsabilité civile, pénale et disciplinaire des magistrats. Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, vol. 11.3.
    7. Hamann, K. (2023). Prosecutor Data: Where Is It Now and Where Is It Going?. Criminal Justice, 37(4), 18-21.‏
    8. Hodgson, Jacqueline (2002). "Hierarchy, bureaucracy, and ideology in French criminal justice: Some empirical observations." Journal of Law and Society, 29, no. 2, P231.
    9. Hueston, J., & Hutchins, M. (2018). The power of compassion in the court: Healing on both sides of the bench. Court Review: The journal of the American Judges Association., 54, 96.
    10. Jabban, M., Saber, M., & Mojab, S. D. M. (2024B). Fundamentals and Implications of Accepting Ex-ante Judicial Oversight in the Pre-trial Stage of Criminal Proceeding in Iran and Syria. Global Journal of Comparative Law, 13(1), 86-111.‏
    11. Jabban, M., Saber, M., & Mousavi Mojab, S. D. (2024A). A Typology of Judicial Oversight Systems in Criminal Investigation and Prosecution: A Comparative Study. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 16(1).‏
    12. Koulu, R. (2020). Proceduralizing control and discretion: Human oversight in artificial intelligence policy. Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law, 27(6), 720-735. https://doi.org/10.1177/1023263X20978649
    13. Leblois-Happe, J. (2010). Plaidoyer pour la légalité des poursuites. La Semaine Juridique, (7), 322-324.‏
    14. Mariniello, T. (2019). Judicial control over prosecutorial discretion at the International Criminal Court. international criminal law review, 19(6), 979-1013.‏
    15. Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of economic development, environment and people, 7(1), 23-48.
    16. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International journal of nursing studies, 47(11), 1451-1458.‏
    17. Simonson, J. (2019). The place of “the people” in criminal procedure. Columbia Law Review, 119(1), 249-308.‏
    18. Tonry, Michael (2012). “Prosecutors and Politics in Comparative Perspective.” Crime and Justice 41, no. 1: 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1086/666975

     

    C)sites and Documents

     

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