Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law

Journal of Research and Development in Comparative Law

The Place of the Principle of Publicity of Trial in Islamic Law Human Rights Documents and the Statute of International Courts and Exceptions

Document Type : scientific research paper

Authors
amir barani Biranvand 1
efat Ahmadzadeh 2
1 judge of justice. MA. in Law, Jurisprudence and Private Law, University of motahari, Tehran, Iran.
2 judge of justice. MA. in Law Private Law, University of Shahid Chamran University, ahvaz, Iran.
10.22034/law.2023.2015051.1271
Abstract
The principle of publicness of the proceedings is one of the criteria for ensuring the fairness of the proceedings, which results in guaranteeing the rights of individuals and improving the quality of criminal proceedings. This principle is accepted as an accepted principle in international human rights documents and the statutes of criminal courts, but What is certain is that the principle of public proceedings, like other general principles, is not an absolute principle that can be implemented under any circumstances; Sometimes the presentation of higher interests such as national interests, good morals, private interests of the litigants and the requirements of justice will limit the need to observe the public nature of the proceedings and will be a reason for holding the proceedings in private. This principle has been provided in domestic laws in line with the legal systems of the world,and the constitutional law in principles 165 and 168 and other formal laws have assumed its subject, general and non-transparent exceptions to this principle in international and Iranian laws can be considered. It is not a defense, and the use of terms such as "acts contrary to modesty", "crimes against morality", "religious sentiments", "public order", "private lawsuits and family relations" etc. in vague and non-transparent domestic laws. is, and it was necessary for the legislator to fully explain these exceptions so that only in the cases that are rightly included in the exception, hearings will be held in a closed manner, so that fair proceedings can be realized from this platform. This essay, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method, first discussed the position of this principle in international and domestic documents, and then carefully considered the exceptions to the principle. Considering the dignity and prominent position of the principle of openness, it should be said that the openness of criminal proceedings is considered a principle and non-publicity is considered an exception, which means that the exceptions in practice should be interpreted in a narrow way so as to be the basis for the implementation of this principle. be provided This principle is fully compatible with the standards of human rights and the theoretical basis of this principle is the right of the accused and the interest of the society. Also, Islamic standards are not against this unquestionable principle of law, and examining the statements of the jurists shows that they had public proceedings in their minds as an assumption. Despite the fact that the publicness of the court's verdict has received serious attention in international human rights documents, it is not mentioned in the constitution, and what has been stated in the criminal proceedings regarding the announcement of the verdict of some crimes is not in line with the international regulations.
Keywords
principle of openness
national interests
good morals
closed trials
necessity of justice

Subjects

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